useful websites to study conditionals

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/if_clauses/type_2_statements.htm

http://www.ingilizceders.biz/if/If_Clause_Type_II.htm

http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html

http://www.english-zone.com/grammar/if-then1.html

http://www.testyourenglish.net/english-online/grammarquiz/ifsquiz.html

IF CLAUSES- TYPE 2

It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form
if clause main clause
Simple Past would + infinitive
or
could + infinitive
or
might + infinitive

Examples
If I studied, I would pass the exams.
If I studied, I could pass the exams.
If I studied, I might pass the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I studied, I would pass the exams.
I would pass the exams if I studied.

present perfect-past simple-answer key

1. A: I (see / not) ________________ you for a long time. Where (you / be) __________________?
2. B: I (come / just) ___________________ back from Canada.
3. A: Oh really? What (you / do) __________________ in Canada? xp_eng_sp3 Page 2 12/2/2009
4. B: I (take) ______________ a nature tour.
5. A: Wow! (you / see) ___________________ many wild animals there?
6. B: Of course. I (watch) __________________ bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That (be) ________________ so interesting. (you / spend / ever) _________________ a holiday in Canada?
7. A: Yes, I (travel) __________________ around Canada twice so far.
8. B: When (you / go) __________________ there?
9. A: The first time I (go) _________________ there (be) _______________ in 1997 and the second time in 2004.
10. B: (you / enjoy) _____________________it?
11. A: I absolutely (love) ___________________ it, especially the west coast.



1. A: I haven't seen you for a long time. Where ( have you been ?
2. B: I have just come back from Canada.
3. A: Oh really? What did you do in Canada?
4. B: I took a nature tour.
5. A: Wow! Did you see many wild animals there?
6. B: Of course. I watched bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That was so interesting. Have you ever spent a holiday in Canada?
7. A: Yes, I have travelled around Canada twice so far.
8. B: When did you go there?
9. A: The first time I went there was in 1997 and the second time in 2004.
10. B: Did you enjoy it?
11. A: I absolutely loved it, especially the west coast.

useful websites to study articles

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/article_the.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/article_a2.htm

http://www.learn4good.com/languages/evrd_grammar/article_ex.htm

http://a4esl.org/q/h/fb-lb-aanon.html

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/cross/articles_quiz.htm

articles

Articles
First the good news:There are only three articles in English: a, an and the.

There are two types of articles indefinite 'a' and 'an' or definite 'the'. You also need to know when not to use an article.

The bad news is that their proper use is complex, especially when you get into the advanced use of English. Quite often you have to work it out by what sounds right, which can be frustrating for a learner.


Indefinite articles - a and an (determiners)
A and an are the indefinite articles. They refer to something not specifically known to the person you are communicating with.

A and an are used before nouns that introduce something or someone you have not mentioned before:-

For example:
"I saw an elephant this morning."
"I ate a banana for lunch."

A and an are also used when talking about your profession:-

For example:
"I am an English teacher."
"I am a builder."
Note! You use a when the noun you are referring to begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y or z), for example, "a city", "a factory", and "a hotel".

You use an when the noun you are referring to begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)

Pronunciation changes this rule. It's the sound that matters, not the spelling.

If the next word begins with a consonant sound when we say it, for example, "university" then we use a. If the next word begins with a vowel sound when we say it, for example "hour" then we use an.

We say "university" with a "y" sound at the beginning as though it were spelt "youniversity".
So, "a university" IS correct.

We say "hour" with a silent h as though it were spelt "our".
So, "an hour" IS correct.

Definite Article - the (determiners)

You use the when you know that the listener knows or can work out what particular person/thing you are talking about.

For example:
"The apple you ate was rotten."
"Did you lock the car?"

You should also use the when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about.

For example:
"She's got two children; a girl and a boy. The girl's eight and the boy's fourteen."

We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe.

For example:
the North Pole, the equator

We use the to talk about rivers, oceans and seas

For example:
the Nile, the Pacific, the English channel

We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing.

For example:
the rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, the White House etc..

However if you want to describe a particular instance of these you should use a/an.

For example:
"I could hear the wind." / "There's a cold wind blowing."

"What are your plans for the future?" / "She has a promising future ahead of her."


The is also used to say that a particular person or thing being mentioned is the best, most famous, etc. In this use, 'the' is usually given strong pronunciation:

For example:
"Harry's Bar is the place to go."

"You don't mean you met the Tony Blair, do you?"


!Note - The doesn't mean all:-

For example:
"The books are expensive." = (Not all books are expensive, just the ones I'm talking about.)

"Books are expensive." = (All books are expensive.)


No article
We usually use no article to talk about things in general:-


Inflation is rising.

People are worried about rising crime. (Note! People generally, so no article)


You do not use an article when talking about sports.

For example:
My son plays football.

Tennis is expensive.


You do not use an article before uncountable nouns when talking about them generally.

For example:
Information is important to any organisation.

Coffee is bad for you.


You do not use an article before the names of countries except where they indicate multiple areas or contain the words (state(s), kindom, republic, union). Kingdom, state, republic and union are nouns, so they need an article.


For example:
No article - Italy, Mexico, Bolivia, England

Use the - the UK (United Kingdom), the USA (United States of America), the Irish Republic

Multiple areas! the Netherlands, the Philippines, the British Isles

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/articlestext.htm